17 Jun 2025
Thought leadership
Read time: 3 Min
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Why Sugar Triggers Cortisol and How Elimination Diets Fix It

By Marc Bates

The difference between healthy and diabetic blood sugar is just a quarter teaspoon of sugar. This single fact fundamentally changes how we should think about what we eat.

When we discuss metabolic health, we often miss the forest for the trees. We debate macronutrient ratios and superfood benefits while overlooking a simple truth: our bodies maintain remarkably tight control over blood sugar for a good reason.

Healthy blood contains approximately four grams of sugar – about one teaspoon – at any time. The threshold for diabetes is just a quarter teaspoon more. This razor-thin margin explains why our bodies deploy robust hormonal responses to even minor blood sugar fluctuations.

And this is where elimination diets enter the conversation.

The Elimination Protocol Revolution

Elimination diets, while not a new concept, have evolved significantly as metabolic reset tools. Judy Cho, a board-certified holistic nutritionist and UC Berkeley graduate, leads this evolution. Her approach, which challenges conventional nutritional wisdom, is rooted in professional expertise and personal experience.

Judy Cho, a board-certified holistic nutritionist and UC Berkeley graduate, advocates for an all-meat elimination diet as the starting point for chronic illness recovery. Her approach stems from both professional expertise and personal experience – after a decade on a plant-based diet led to her mental health crisis, she discovered the transformative potential of a meat-based diet.

But why would eliminating plant foods help? The answer lies in understanding how different foods affect our stress hormone systems.

The Cortisol Connection

Cortisol serves as our primary stress hormone. It mobilizes energy resources, regulates inflammation, and helps maintain blood pressure. When functioning correctly, cortisol follows a natural daily rhythm that supports overall health.

But this system can be hijacked.

Every time you consume carbohydrates – whether from soda, fruit juice, or whole grains – your body must manage the incoming glucose. This management requires insulin, which drives glucose into cells for energy or storage.

When insulin can't keep up, cortisol steps in.

This is where the problem begins. Cortisol is designed for occasional emergency use, not constant deployment. Chronic elevation leads to inflammation, immune dysfunction, and metabolic syndrome.

The Fructose Factor

Not all sugars affect our bodies equally. Glucose can be used by every cell in the body, but fructose follows a different metabolic path entirely.

Fructose metabolism bypasses key regulatory steps, allowing unlimited uptake by the liver regardless of your body's energy status. This means fructose continues flooding into liver cells even when they're already full of energy – a metabolic anomaly with serious consequences.

The liver converts excess fructose directly to fat, triggering inflammation and insulin resistance.

But there's more to this story.

Research has revealed that fructose drives cortisol production, producing higher cortisol levels in the liver, fat tissue, blood vessels, and nervous system. This creates a vicious cycle: fructose consumption raises cortisol, which increases blood sugar, which requires more insulin, which eventually fails, requiring more cortisol.

Consider what happens when you drink a Mexican cola containing 39 grams of sugar. That's nearly ten times the sugar in your bloodstream, suddenly demanding processing.

Your body responds as if under attack.

The Scale of the Problem

The standard American diet bombards our systems with carbohydrates at every meal. Each carbohydrate load triggers the insulin-cortisol cascade, leading to insulin resistance, cortisol dysregulation, and metabolic syndrome over time.

Think about the math: if healthy blood contains 4 grams of sugar, and diabetic levels represent just 5 grams, what happens when we consume 39 grams in a single beverage?

Our regulatory systems have become overwhelmed.

This helps explain why metabolic syndrome has reached epidemic proportions. We're not just overeating – we're overwhelming specific metabolic pathways designed for occasional, not constant, activation.

Why Elimination Works When Moderation Fails

Traditional dietary advice suggests moderation—smaller portions, less sugar, and more whole foods. However, this approach often fails because it misunderstands the threshold effect of metabolic triggers.

Even moderate amounts of certain foods can maintain the insulin-cortisol cycle.

Elimination protocols demonstrate their power by temporarily resetting metabolic pathways. By removing all potential triggers, these diets allow the body to regain insulin sensitivity, normalize cortisol rhythms, and reduce inflammation, offering a significant metabolic reset.

Judy Cho's carnivore-based elimination protocol takes this concept to its logical conclusion. By initially removing all plant foods, the diet eliminates virtually all dietary sources of glucose and fructose, creating the maximum possible metabolic rest state.

The results can be dramatic for people with dysregulated metabolism. Blood sugar stabilizes, cortisol rhythms normalize, and inflammation recedes.

The Reintroduction Phase: Where Science Meets Self-Discovery

The elimination phase is just the beginning. The real power comes during systematic reintroduction, where individuals discover their unique metabolic triggers. This understanding empowers them to make informed choices about their diet and health.

Some people find they can eventually include certain carbohydrate sources without issue. Others discover specific sensitivities that were previously masked by overall metabolic dysfunction.

This personalized approach represents the future of nutrition – moving beyond one-size-fits-all recommendations to individualized metabolic awareness.

Patience is key during the elimination and reintroduction phases. Achieving a complete metabolic reset typically takes at least 30 days, some needing longer. Reintroduction should be approached methodically, with only one food added at a time and several days between additions to observe reactions.

Beyond Sugar: The Broader Elimination Picture

While the glucose-fructose-insulin-cortisol pathway explains much about metabolic dysfunction, elimination diets also address other potential triggers.

Plant compounds like lectins, oxalates, and salicylates can trigger immune responses in sensitive individuals. These responses activate inflammatory pathways that further disrupt hormonal balance.

Seed oils high in omega-6 fatty acids promote pro-inflammatory signaling. Food additives can disrupt gut microbiome balance. Even fiber, often considered universally beneficial, can exacerbate gut issues in specific individuals.

The comprehensive elimination approach simultaneously addresses all these factors, providing relief and reassurance that all potential triggers are being considered.

The Fat Factor in Hormone Health

Another often overlooked aspect of elimination diets is their typically higher fat content. This isn't accidental – it's metabolically strategic.

Cortisol, like all steroid hormones, is synthesized from cholesterol. Adequate dietary fat provides the raw materials needed for hormone production.

Cho notes that many people, especially women, remain afraid of dietary fat even when following carnivore protocols. This fear can undermine results, as insufficient fat intake may compromise hormone production.

The elimination approach typically emphasizes nutrient-dense animal fats – precisely the building blocks our bodies need for hormonal health.

The Practical Reality of Elimination

Implementing an elimination protocol requires preparation and commitment. The initial adjustment period can be challenging as the body adapts to new fuel sources and detoxification pathways activate.

Common temporary side effects include fatigue, headaches, and cravings. These typically resolve within days to weeks as metabolic flexibility improves.

Support systems matter. Having resources for meal planning, symptom tracking, and troubleshooting significantly improves success rates. Structured programs and knowledgeable practitioners provide value here.

The investment pays dividends in metabolic health. Many people report not just symptom improvement but complete resolution of conditions they've struggled with for years.

Beyond Individual Health: The Broader Implications

The elimination approach challenges fundamental assumptions in our food system and healthcare model. It suggests that many "diseases of civilization" may be simpler to address than we've believed.

What if metabolic syndrome, autoimmune conditions, and even some mental health disorders share common dietary triggers? What if elimination and careful reintroduction could replace multiple medications for millions of people?

These questions deserve serious consideration, especially given the mounting evidence from clinical practice.

The implications extend beyond healthcare to agriculture, food manufacturing, and public health policy. Our current dietary guidelines and food systems may be fundamentally misaligned with human metabolic reality.

The Path Forward: Personalized Metabolic Awareness

The ultimate value of elimination protocols isn't in their restrictiveness, but in the metabolic awareness, they create. By temporarily removing potential triggers and methodically reintroducing them, we gain unprecedented insight into our unique physiological responses.

This awareness becomes a lifelong tool for health management. Even those who eventually return to more inclusive diets benefit from understanding their specific triggers and thresholds.

The approach transforms the relationship with food from unconscious consumption to informed choice. Each meal becomes an opportunity to support or challenge metabolic balance.

This awareness may be our most potent medicine in a world of increasing metabolic dysfunction.

Conclusion: The Teaspoon Truth

We began with a simple fact: the difference between healthy and diabetic blood sugar is just a quarter teaspoon of sugar. This microscopic margin explains why elimination diets can succeed where moderation fails.

The elimination approach makes perfect metabolic sense when we understand the cascading effects of even small glucose and fructose loads on insulin, cortisol, and inflammation.

Judy Cho's carnivore-based protocol represents one powerful application of this understanding. Temporarily eliminating all potential triggers creates the conditions for metabolic reset and personalized discovery.

The question isn't whether elimination diets work – the evidence increasingly confirms they do. The question is whether we're ready to reconsider our fundamental nutrition and metabolic health assumptions.

The path to health is not about finding the perfect foods to add but discovering what we need to eliminate.

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Email for questions

marc@optimalhumandiet.com

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